Carbon credits are permits allowing emission of greenhouse gases, with one credit typically equaling one ton of carbon. Adopted globally to combat climate change, carbon trading involves nations and companies exchanging credits based on emission needs. This market-driven approach, exemplified by the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), creates incentives for emission reduction. Two types of trading exist: mandatory, aligning with formal reduction schemes, and voluntary, driven by businesses' environmental responsibility. While no global market exists, China and the U.S. have significant carbon trading programs, contributing to the international effort to address climate challenges.
The (EU ETS) is currently the world benchmark. China and the United States also have significant carbon trading programs, with China's initiative covering approximately 40% of its power sector. The absence of a global market emphasizes the importance of regional and national efforts in carbon trading.
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